Rahimi,
Forough. 2011. Critical Discourse
Analysis: Scrutinizing Ideologically-Driven Discourses. International
journal of humanities and social science. November, vol 1/16, (p: 107-112)
This research was about
Critical discourse analysis. This research
aims to provide a concise overview about CDA, its definition, and some
CDA frameworks. In this regard, four basic CDA frameworks proposed by Van
Leeuwen, Van Dijk, Hodge and Kress, and Faircalough have been presented. This research was using qualitative method
that has been described by the researcher. The subject of this research is
about the critical discourse analysis framework from those fourth writers that
have been written above. The conclusion was CDA is an appropriate method for
the detection of biased and manipulative language, and can be
used as a
powerful device for
deconstructing the texts
to come up
with their intended
ideologies. It is a
methodological approach for
those involved in
socio-cultural studies. Also,
it can be
a theory for
finding the manners in
which the attitudes,
political powers and
identities cause sociolinguistic variations
in different communities. The
present paper attempted
to provide a
concise explanation on CDA, and
introduce four major frameworks of
CDA proposed by
leading figures in
the field (frameworks
of Fairclough, Van
Dijk, Van Leeuwen, Hodge and Kress) as a mean to examine the function of
language as a social practice
implementing a vast number
of functions in different types of texts. This article can provide
a brief yet helpful review on CDA and its major models.
Iqbal,
Asma. 2014. Exploitation of women in
beauty products of “fair and lovely”: a critical discourse analysis study. International journal on studies in English
language and literature, September, vol 2/9, (p: 122-131)
This
research was about the exploitation of women in advertisement of fair and
lovely. This research examines the characteristic of language used in beauty
product “fair and lovely”. Fair & lovely
is a well
known and very
famous beauty product
among women and
even men. Study will explore how advertisers present
specific identities, visuals, texts and ideologies for the promotion
of their products
and manipulation of
women's beliefs. How
they dominant figures,
weakness and demands are
represented through particular
language uses and
how this language
influence the behavior
of consumer's attitude
and maintain its
power. The purpose of
this study was
to analyze some
advertisement of beauty
product Fair&lovely to see what types of representations are
there and how the producers constructs reality and maintains their power by
manipulating women's ideology . The
present study falls
into the realm
of mixed method
research. Fairclough's three
dimensional model of
analysis is used
to critically analyze
the advertisements of
fair &lovely and advertisements can be analyzed on three
perspectives i-e textual, discursive and social. The subject of this research
was the advertisement of “fair and lovely” product that shown in
television. By analyzing
these advertisements it
may be concluded
that advertisers use
various linguistic devices such
as direct address,
positive vocabulary, headlines,
and catchy slogans to
attract women. In addition,
the vocabulary used
in the beauty
product advertisements in
this study is ideologically contested.
Based on the
data analysis, it can
be summarized that
the most obvious theme in the advertisements is the
ideal appearance or look for women.
Wang,
Junling. 2010. A critical discourse
analysis of Barack Obama’s speeches. Journal of language teaching and
research, May, vol 1/3, (p: 254-261)
This
research was about Barack Obama’s speeches. The purpose of this research based
on Critical Discourse Analysis theory and Systematic Functional Linguistics,
analyzes Barack Obama’s presidential speeches mainly from the point of
transitivity and modality, in which we can learn the language how to serve the
ideology and power. The subject of this research is Barack obama’s speeches.
According to Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar, we can summarize the
features of Barack Obama‟s speeches as
follow. First, he
used more simple
words and short
sentences instead of
difficult ones. His
language is easy
and colloquial. Thus, it can easily shorten the distance between him and
the audience. Second, from transitivity analysis, we can see material process,
a process of doing, has been used most in his speeches. From this process,
Obama showed us what the government has achieved, what they are doing and what
they will do. And also we can see that with applying transitivity, his speeches
are trying to arouse the American people‟s confidence toward the president and
his government in the following
four years. Third,
modality refers to a speaker‟s attitudes
towards or opinion
about the truth
of a proposition expressed by a
sentence. Through the analysis of modality, we can find that Obama made his
audience more easily to understand
and accept his
political speeches by
means of modal
verbs, tense and
first person pronouns.
He used simple present
tense to present
the domestic and
world wide situations
ranging from political,
economic and cultural fields at
present. And then depending on simple future tense, he laid out his following
reforms and steps taken in his term.
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